Endoscopes can be divided into two categories according to the use scenarios: Industrial endoscopes and medical endoscopes. Medical endoscopes are indispensable diagnostic and surgical equipment in general surgery, ENT, Urology, orthopedics, gynecology and other departments, and are also one of the fast-growing products in the global medical device industry.

內(nèi)窺鏡背景介紹：

Background of endoscope:

內(nèi)窺鏡是一種常用的醫(yī)療器械，經(jīng)人體的自然孔道或經(jīng)手術(shù)做的小切口進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)，使用時(shí)將內(nèi)窺鏡導(dǎo)入預(yù)檢查的器官，可直接窺視有關(guān)部位的變化。

Endoscope is a kind of commonly used medical instrument. It enters the human body through the natural orifice or small incision made by surgery. When it is used, the endoscope is introduced into the pre examined organ to directly observe the changes of the relevant parts.

內(nèi)窺鏡主要由三大系統(tǒng)組成，分別為窺鏡系統(tǒng)、圖像顯示系統(tǒng)、照明系統(tǒng)。以目前較為常用的電子內(nèi)窺鏡為例，窺鏡系統(tǒng)包括操作手柄和鏡體，鏡體伸入患者體內(nèi)，鏡體內(nèi)部并列多個(gè)管道，包括照明光纖、傳像光纖（電子內(nèi)窺鏡中是CCD視頻線）、傳氣通道、傳水通道、器械通道等，內(nèi)窺鏡精密度非常高，需要多個(gè)領(lǐng)域相互配合。

Endoscope is mainly composed of three systems: endoscope system, image display system and lighting system. Taking the electronic endoscope which is commonly used at present as an example, the endoscope system includes the operating handle and the mirror body. The mirror body extends into the patient's body, and there are several parallel pipes inside the mirror body, including lighting optical fiber, image transmission optical fiber (CCD video line in the electronic endoscope), air transmission channel, water transmission channel, instrument channel, etc. the precision of the endoscope is very high, which requires the cooperation of multiple professional fields.
                       

從歷史的時(shí)間軸上看，通過成像系統(tǒng)的原理和軟硬程度兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不斷進(jìn)步，內(nèi)窺鏡的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了硬管式內(nèi)窺鏡、半可屈式內(nèi)窺鏡、纖維內(nèi)窺鏡、電子內(nèi)窺鏡四個(gè)階段。通俗上講，硬管式內(nèi)窺鏡、半可屈式內(nèi)窺鏡定義為硬鏡，纖維內(nèi)窺鏡和電子內(nèi)窺鏡由于可以自由彎曲，被稱為軟鏡，臨床應(yīng)用范圍也在不斷擴(kuò)大。

From the historical perspective, the development of endoscopy has experienced four stages: rigid tube endoscopy, semi flexible endoscopy, fiber endoscopy and electronic endoscopy. Generally speaking, rigid tube endoscopy and semi flexible endoscopy are defined as rigid endoscopy. Fiber endoscopy and electronic endoscopy are called soft endoscopy because they can bend freely, and the scope of clinical application is also expanding.

目前電子內(nèi)窺鏡臨床應(yīng)用分為診斷和兩個(gè)方面，診斷功能主要是臨床醫(yī)生通過內(nèi)窺鏡獲得實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)的內(nèi)部圖像，并且通過合適的器械取得組織進(jìn)行體外檢測；而功能則需要配備的微創(chuàng)手術(shù)器具，進(jìn)行特定的手術(shù)。

At present, the clinical application of electronic endoscopy is divided into two aspects: diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis function is mainly that clinicians obtain real-time dynamic internal images through endoscopy, and obtain tissues through appropriate instruments for in vitro detection; The treatment function needs to be equipped with professional minimally invasive surgical instruments for specific surgical treatment.

內(nèi)窺鏡主要的應(yīng)用場景包括耳鼻喉、口腔、消化道、尿道膀胱、腎臟、關(guān)節(jié)、腹腔等器官或部位。

The main application scenarios of endoscopy include Otolaryngology, oral cavity, digestive tract, urethra, bladder, kidney, joint, abdominal cavity and other organs or parts.

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